How many of the top 10 programming languages do you know
Programming is the core of technological innovation. Today's programming languages have the ability to allow developers to no longer restrict their potential to build future technologies.
If you are a forward-looking developer or want to be a forward-looking developer, then it is time to start learning programming , at least choose one of the best programming languages , similar to Python, Swift, JavaScript, C#, C, Ruby, PHP, Haskell, Java, C++ or Rust.
In this article, we will introduce the functionality, ease of learning, current needs/uses and expected future needs of the top 10 programming languages. More demand means more value .
Many languages like C, Java, Python and JavaScript have continued to dominate their respective fields for decades. On the other hand, we should also look at the recently popular demand languages such as Swift, Google Go and Rust.
Which programming language do you learn?
You can look at this question from many perspectives, and the answer depends on what you do with it after learning. Many people’s selection criteria are simply “the biggest need for learning a language is to find a high-paying job”. But not everyone applies this standard, there are many other aspects to consider.
For example, the main reason for using Python as a language to teach programming to students in universities is that Python is powerful and students can easily grasp programming concepts . Python is a good choice for beginners in programming.
For those who want to engage in mobile program development, learning Swift, C#, Java and JavaScript is a good choice. For web development, with the support of front-end technologies such as CSS, HTML, and JavaScript, using PHP, Java, Python and Ruby on Rails is the first choice.
If you want to complete more specific tasks like accessing relational databases, you can learn the SQL programming language. The SQL language is not used to develop applications, but to support the connection between the application and the database. What's more, many data-driven applications are using SQL extensively, and the demand for SQL has now surpassed the demand for many worksheets.
If you are interested in hardware programming and want to develop embedded systems, operating systems, communication devices or complex game engines, then the language of choice is still C/C++ (mainly C).
Let's take a look at what are the most popular programming languages today, as well as their functions, learning curves, application areas, current needs and development directions.
1. JavaScript-a multipurpose programming language
Today, the demand for JavaScript is still huge, and recruitment websites are full of recruitment information about JavaScript and related technologies. JavaScript was designed by Brendan Eich and runs in the Netscape browser. At that time, he might not have dreamed that JavaScript would have such an extraordinary development.
JavaScript is the default language of the WWW, and almost every web browser supports JavaScript. It has become the world standard for web front-end development . With the development of Node.js, the application field of JavaScript has expanded to server-side development, and is now competing with java, .Net, PHP, Ruby on Rails and other server-side technologies.
In addition to its application in front-end and server-side development, JavaScript is also rapidly becoming the choice of mobile application development. Developers can use many popular JavaScript frameworks to build hybrid mobile applications, such as ionic, kendo UI, and Sencha touch.
Later, with the rise of the React native framework (proposed by Facebook), JavaScript appeared in the field of Android and iOS native application development.
JavaScript is everywhere! However, JavaScript itself will not allow you to have the highest paid development work. You also need to learn JavaScript-based technologies, frameworks and libraries (such as Node.js , React, React Native, ionic, jQuery, D3.js, Kendo UI, etc.) ) . The choice of relevant technology depends entirely on the job you want to do.
Speaking of learning JavaScript, it is a dynamic programming language and it is very easy to get started. Once you are familiar with the basics of JavaScript, you can easily learn related technologies, such as jQuery, Node.js, Angular, or React.
To learn more about JavaScript, please click on the link below –
2. Python-the best programming language
Python is another programming language, and developers around the world are currently using it for rapid application development. Python is a modular, easy-to-learn, object-oriented and high-level language that focuses on readability.
Python is widely used in education, web and internet development, scientific and numerical computing, big data and machine learning algorithm development.
The depth and breadth of Python make it the language of choice for education and research. Students all over the world are using Python to learn programming and build research projects. Many students of computer programming nowadays regard Python as their first language to learn .
Python has been widely used in web and internet development, and there are many popular frameworks, such as Django, Pyramid, Flask and Bottle. Django CMS and Plone are two widely used Python-based content management systems that are used by many popular websites and web applications.
Recently, due to the growing demand for big data analysis and machine learning algorithms, the demand for Python is also growing rapidly. Many open source libraries written in Python can implement some of the core machine learning algorithms widely used in data science. R is another language widely used in statistics and data science, but the learning curve is steep.
Some popular Python libraries include scipy for mathematics, engineering, and science, "pandas" for library modeling and data analysis, and other useful libraries such as iPython, kivy, pyqt, and pyside.
To learn more about Python, please click on the link below –
3. Java-a popular programming language
Java is a popular programming language, it is also a language that keeps youth forever, and has been the darling of various recruitment sectors for many years. Java was released by Sun Microsystems in 1990 and later acquired by Oracle. The philosophy of Java is to write it once and run it everywhere.
Java is widely used in web development, enterprise software development and Android app development. As the demand for mobile apps running on the Android platform continues to grow, the application of java has reached a new level, which is why the demand for java is still the first worldwide.
Java is a high-level object-oriented programming language, it is easier to learn than C++, but the performance of the program is worse than C or C++. Therefore, Java is generally not used to build core engines, operating systems, or embedded system development.
To learn more about Java, you can visit the official website – Java Software | Oracle .
4. SQL-Structured Query Language
SQL- Structured Query Language is a language that can be understood by the database. SQL was developed by IBM engineers in 1970 to create, update and retrieve data in the "System R" database management system. Since then, SQL has come a long way, and to this day, it is still the most needed skill in the market.
In recent years, the need to use non-SQL databases to process big data has cast a shadow on SQL, but it will not last too long. Soon people will realize that the big data analysis method provided by SQL is better, it is a more scalable, verifiable and time-tested technology.
The SQL language is used to assist in the development of data-driven websites, web applications, desktop applications, and mobile applications. SQL has applications in any application area. From a learning point of view, SQL is relatively easy to master , and because of the high market demand, you can find your first job only through SQL.
However, to find a high-paying job, you also need to design, manage and maintain multiple databases, such as
Experience in Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, IBM DB2 and Microsoft SQL Server, etc.
For more information about SQL, please visit- Learn SQL or SQL Wikipedia .
5. C#-the number one Microsoft technology
C# is one of the most versatile languages , it makes programming as easy as the Java language. C# is a type-safe, object-oriented programming language that runs in the runtime environment of the .NET framework. The C# code is compiled into IL language (intermediate language) that conforms to the CLI specification.
C# language is quickly becoming the first choice for building various applications of the Microsoft family. You can use it to build client-server applications, database applications, web services, mobile applications, games, and so on.
C# also has very good applications in game development (advanced but not hard core). The top game engine Unity 3D regards C# as one of the supported languages, except that only JavaScript is supported. C# is also the coding language used by many cross-platform application building tools (such as Xamarin). You can use the Xamarin product suite to build cross-platform mobile applications.
For hard core terminal game development, you can still use C or C++, although assembly language is the preferred game engine development tool. Rust language can also be applied in this field.
To read more about C#, please visit- Introduction to C# .
6. C/C++
Some people say that C++ is very old, but they all agree that C++ is still precious. When it comes to hard core system programming that focuses more on performance , C/C++ is still the programming language of choice . C is closer to the hardware than C++, and can provide better performance.
Many developers turn to Java because Java is easier to develop than C++ (&C), and in many cases performance can be offset by more investment in hardware. But this is not always the case. For example, for embedded systems, you only need to manage a minimum of hardware components.
Are C and C++ still high-level programming languages?
C/C++ has the best compiler, development environment, libraries and core development components, and also has a huge ecosystem that cannot be replaced in the future.
The existing ecosystem and the need for high-performance applications have kept the demand for C/C++ high, and the salary level of C/C++ developers is also relatively high.
To learn more about C++, please visit- Standard C++ .
7. Swift
Swift is a relatively new language and is rapidly gaining popularity. Swift is a development language used exclusively by Apple , such as iOS apps, OS X apps, watchOS apps, and tvOS apps. Swift introduces the advantages of C and Objective-c, and can work well with cocoa and cocoa touch framework.
Apple has its own huge ecosystem, and there is no doubt that Swift will become the language that will lead its development in the next few years. If you want to enter the apple ecosystem, Swift is the language to learn .
Swift is easy to learn and fun to use. The reason is that it introduces all the features of strictly typed languages (such as c, java, c++ ) , and it is as easy and fun to use as any scripting language (such as Ruby or Python) . You can try swift through swift playgrounds, and you can see the results immediately, without worrying about the compilation and running of the program.
Apple claims that Swift is the first industrial-quality system programming language , which provides a script-like syntax that makes development absolutely easy.
To learn more about Swift, please visit the link below –
8. PHP
Many people think that PHP is not the future of programming, but the huge ecosystem of PHP makes the world need a large number of developers to support it in the next few years. The top three content management systems-WordPress, Drupal and Joomla are all built with PHP, and so far about 80% of websites run on PHP. So, it is huge!
PHP is an easy language to learn, and it can be used as an introductory language for you to enter the world of programming. PHP is a hot language in the job market, and you can find a lot of job opportunities that require PHP skills. The salary level of PHP developers is usually lower than that of Java, C++, Python or Swift developers.
The PHP ecosystem includes the above-mentioned top content management systems (such as WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, etc.) and PHP frameworks (such as Laravel, Symfony, Yii, FuelPHP, etc.). These content management systems and frameworks enable developers to build ready-to-use websites and web applications within a few days.
In recent years, with the emergence of Node.js, Django, and Ruby on Rails, PHP has cast a shadow, but PHP is improving, and newer versions can compete with emerging languages and technologies.
The link below is about PHP. To learn more about PHP, please visit –
9. Ruby
Ruby is another open source, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language, which is a simple language that helps rapid application development. The most famous framework for Ruby is Rails ( Ruby on Rails ), which is mainly used for web development.
It is very useful for server-side development , and many companies use it, such as Bloomberg, Airbnb, Shopify, Hulu and Slideshare, etc., and are used in one or more projects.
Is Ruby the best programming language to learn?
Ruby is often used to compare the readability of Python. It provides an English-like grammar, which makes Ruby a perfect candidate for learning as the first programming language.
To learn more about Ruby, you can visit- Ruby language official website
10. Rust language
Rust is a rising star and promises to become a new generation of popular technology. It has quickly become a technology that hard core developers are obsessed with, and is developing at a very fast rate. The Rust language is still under development and is still a new language. Therefore, Rust's job market has not yet formed, and the depth and breadth of its spread is not enough.
The Rust language was developed by Mozilla in 2010. It is a research project led by Graydon Hoare. Now that the developer community loves it and is responsible for its maintenance, they are determined to push Rust to a new level.
Rust is a low-level system programming language . Its goal is to provide high performance, safety and concurrency. It is a good alternative to C/C++ . In the past, C developers worked hard to use Rust to write operating systems, databases, embedded programs, kernels, and various system programs.
Rust is a modern language that has the flexibility of high-level languages and the high performance and controllability of hardware that low-level languages like C have.
To learn more about Rust, visit – Rust Language Official Website
Below are some other popular programming languages that compete fiercely with the top-ranked languages.
GO programming language -Go is a relatively new language launched by Google. It is another excellent choice for web server development, network development, and command line program development.
R -When you want to do data analysis and statistical software development, you can choose the R language. With the rise of big data and machine learning, R has continued to develop and compete fiercely with Python and Matlab.
Perl -Perl is one of the oldest languages, but it is becoming more and more popular and showing signs of a great resurgence. DevOps is a new thing, Perl is developing into a very popular language for DevOps, please pay close attention to Perl, it may become the next important language like Python language.
VisualBasic .Net -is an object-oriented programming language launched by Microsoft. It is a good choice for the development of .Net programs, web programs and XML web services.
Haskell -Haskell rules the world of functional programming. Compared with object-oriented programming, functional programming has a completely different philosophy. Functional programming is widely used in distributed system development. The key requirement of distributed system development is parallel execution and concurrency. Artificial intelligence and mathematical calculations are another application area of functional programming, as is the application of Haskell.
in conclusion
We are in a stage where technology is used to open the door to a new world of automation, driven by machine learning, big data, the Internet of Things and apps running on different devices. Apps include running on your mobile phone, desktop, watch, TV and other devices, and apps are running in the background of the screen.
Work in the technical field requires increasing programming skills. If you look at the forecasts and surveys of industry analysts, (you will find) the demand for software developers will continue to increase for at least the next 10 years .
In order to integrate into the ecosystem of programs and apps, and keep up with the trend of technological reforms, you need to learn a programming language and program yourself.
None of these top programming languages have been designed to solve all technical problems, so there are a variety of options to achieve development in different fields. For example, JavaScript is the most commonly used for front-end development, but the swift language is suitable for ios apps development, although it is not the only option.
Whether you are a rookie in programming or have many years of experience in programming, it is a good idea to evaluate the most popular programming language, if necessary, at least within a year or two and make changes.
I hope you enjoy reading this article. If so, please share your thoughts through comments.
This article was originally published in oschina . The content of the article is the author's personal opinion and does not represent the standpoint.
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